Phthalates
INCI: Diethyl Phthalate (and others)
Also known as: DEP, DBP, DEHP, Plasticizers
Last updated:
Phthalates are a family of plasticizers and fragrance carriers. Their cosmetic status varies sharply by molecule: DBP (Dibutyl Phthalate) and DEHP (Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) are prohibited in EU cosmetics (Annex II) as CMR substances. DEP (Diethyl Phthalate), the most common cosmetic phthalate, remains permitted in most markets and is widely used in fragrance compositions and nail polish.
Regulatory status by market
| Market | Status | Detail | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | Restricted | DBP, DEHP, BBP banned (Annex II); DEP permitted | Annex II; CLP CMR classification |
| United Kingdom | Restricted | Mirrors EU | UK Cosmetics Regulation |
| United States | Permitted | No federal cosmetic ban; CA Prop 65 warnings for certain phthalates | CA Prop 65 |
| Canada | Restricted | Several phthalates on Hotlist | Health Canada Hotlist |
Safety profile
Reproductive-toxicity concerns drove the EU ban on DBP, DEHP, and several other phthalates. DEP has a different toxicological profile and is considered safe at typical cosmetic exposure levels by SCCS. Consumer activism and California Prop 65 listings have led many brands to voluntarily reformulate to remove DEP as well, even where it remains permitted.
Common uses
- DEP: solvent/carrier in fragrance compositions
- Historically: DBP in nail polish (now banned in most markets)
- Historically: DEHP in vinyl-based packaging (regulated outside cosmetics)
Primary sources
Regulatory status is current to the "Last updated" date above. Always verify against the regulator's authoritative publication for the specific market and product category before relying on this summary for compliance decisions.
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