Titanium Dioxide
Also known as: TiO2, CI 77891
Last updated:
Titanium dioxide is widely used as a UV filter, opacifier, and white colorant in cosmetics. It is permitted in all major markets as a cosmetic ingredient. The European Commission, following SCCS/1617/20, restricts the nanomaterial form to specific applications and prohibits its use in loose powders that can be inhaled. The 2022 EU food-additive ban for titanium dioxide does not apply to cosmetic use.
Regulatory status by market
| Market | Status | Detail | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | Conditionally permitted | UV filter Annex VI #27; colorant Annex IV #143; nano form restricted from loose powders | Annex IV #143, Annex VI #27, SCCS/1617/20 |
| United Kingdom | Conditionally permitted | Mirrors EU rules | UK Cosmetics Regulation |
| United States | Permitted | FDA-approved UV filter; also listed as color additive (21 CFR 73.2575) | 21 CFR 352, 21 CFR 73.2575 |
| Canada | Permitted | Approved sunscreen active in Sunscreen Monograph | Health Canada Sunscreen Monograph |
Safety profile
Titanium dioxide as used in cosmetics has a long safety record. Inhalation of titanium dioxide nanomaterial is the primary concern, leading to the EU ban on loose-powder applications. Dermal exposure to nano TiO2 has been extensively evaluated by SCCS and is considered safe on intact skin. The 2022 EFSA conclusion that food-grade TiO2 (E171) could no longer be considered safe as a food additive does not apply to cosmetic use, but has caused public confusion.
Common uses
- Mineral sunscreens (typically 5-25%)
- Foundation, BB cream, and tinted skincare
- Pressed powder and loose powder (with EU nano restrictions)
Primary sources
Regulatory status is current to the "Last updated" date above. Always verify against the regulator's authoritative publication for the specific market and product category before relying on this summary for compliance decisions.
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